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Aeonium   Webb & Berthelot 1840
Greek: aionion = everliving

Aeonium is a genus of at least 35 species of rosetted tender leaf succulents from Madeira and the Canary Islands, Morocco and Ethiopia. Plants vary in size from small herbs almost flat against the ground to woody shrubs with stout basal stems supporting a disc-shaped rosette, giving them a distinctive appearance. Flowers are panicles of numerous small yellow or white florets. Some Aeoniums are monocarpic. Natural hybrids are common and there are many horticultural hybrids and cutivars. The sap of Aeonium lindleyi is a traditional antidote to the toxic sap of Euphorbias e.g. E. canariensis.
 
Aeonium includes the former genera Greenonium and Greenovia which may be seen occasionally on plant labels and in old books. Many species were originally classified as Sempervivums.

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Aeonium arboreum cv. Schwartzkopf
Photo: Cherry Trenge 2003
Aeonium arboreum cv. Schwartzkopf offsetting Aeonium arboreum cv. Schwartzkopf flower

Aeonium arboreum cv. Schwartzkopf (Zwartkop)  Webb & Berthelot (1840)
This selected cultivar has a large rosette of almost black leaves which is often seen as a feature plant in summer bedding. There are several similar cultivars with black rosettes.The ordinary green Aeonium arboreum is commoner in nature but seen less frequently in cultivation. The green form colours up in full sun to a lesser extent.

A large Aeonium arboreum produces an impressive panicle of small yellow flowers (left) and then dies. The plant usually offsets along the stem (middle left) before dying. Non-flowering rosettes on a flowering plant survive and can be propagated for the next year.
Aeonium arboreum is native to the Canary Islands. Several varieties have been described.

Aeonium canariense var. palmense flower

Aeonium canariense var. palmense  H.Y. Liu 1989  Syn: Aeonium palmense

 
Native to the Canary Islands (La Plama, El Hierro).

Aeonium decorum

Aeonium decorum  Webb ex Bolle 1859
This densely-branching sub-shub has compact rosettes of ovate leaves, although the rosettes are planted out here as bedding.
 
Native to the Canary Islands (Gomera, Tenerife).

Aeonium gomerense flower

Aeonium gomerense  Praeger 1928

 
Native to the Canary Islands (Gomera).

Aeonium haworthii inflorescence Aeonium haworthii

Aeonium haworthii  Salm-Dyck ex Webb & Berthelot 1840
A densely-branched shrubby plant with flat blue-green 4 in rosettes, becoming reddened along leaf margins and tips. Leaf margins are finely ciliate. The inflorescence is a loose cluster of cream star-like flowers.
 
Native to the Canary Islands (Tenerife).

Aeonium  leucoblepharum

Aeonium leucoblepharum  Webb ex Richard 1848
A perennial shrubby plant. The older leaves of the light green rosettes become bronzed in strong light. The rounded ends of the leaves have a pointed tip and their margins are finely ciliate.
 
Native to Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Uganda, Yemen, growing in mountains at elevations of 6500 - 11,000 ft.

Aeonium simsii flower

Aeonium simsii  Stearn 1951
The bluish-green lanceolate leaves of this small plant have ciliate margins. The inflorescence is a peduncle of a few tens of greenish-yellow flowers on a leafy flower stem, arising from a basal leaf axil of the rosette.
 
Native to the Canary Islands (Gran Canaria), growing at elevations of up to 6000 ft.

Aeonium undulatum Aeonium undulatum Aeonium undulatum Aeonium undulatum

Aeonium undulatum  Webb and Berthelot 1841
The usually unbranched stems carry terminal, flattened, green rosettes up to 12 in in dameter. Individual leaves are oblanceolate with fine ciliate margins which become reddened in full sun.
 
Native to the Canary Islands (Gran Canaria). The impressive rosettes and large flower head make a particularly fine specimen plant, but of course it will die after flowering.

Aeonium goodii

Aeonium sp.
Labelled as Aeonium goodii but I haven't been able to verify this as a valid name.
A distinctive plant.

Aeonium arboreum cv. Schwartzkopf offsetting

Cultivation

Aeoniums are easy to grow in a free-draining gritty compost on a sunny window ledge or the greenhouse. Aeoniums tolerate cool, frost-free conditions during the winter if kept dry. A few leaves may be dropped, but will soon be replaced in the Spring. Mealy bugs and vine weevils can be discouraged with a systemic insecticide. As with other Crassulaceae do not use Malathion.
 
Many Aeoniums are monocarpic and will die after flowering. However, non-flowering offsets on the plant will survive (left). New plants can be propagated from a rosette, which should ideally be cut with around an inch of basal stem below the leaves. Allow the cut end to dry off for a few days before potting up, and water sparingly until roots have formed.
 
Pests of Aeoniums include aphids, whitefly and mealy bugs. As with other Crassulaceae do not use Malathion and related insecticides. Watering with a systemic insecticide containing Imidacloprid will prevent infestation by most pests. If plants are kept outside during the Summer, it is a good idea to give a prophylactic dose before bringing indoors.